92 - AN APPRAISAL OF KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDE PARENTS TOWARDS IMMUNIZATION AMONG CHILDREN 0-5 YEARS IN JAKUSKO LGA - IBRAHIM KABIRU GARBA

Abstract

CHAPTER ONE
1.1 Introductions
Immunization is an act of inducing and protecting against an infection agent using artificial means in order to create immunity against preventable disease. However, in Nigeria immunization programme has been existing for many years and it is been focused against nine (9) killer disease named the disease. Although, it is first administered against six (6) killers disease name them since 1970 over past decade several survey on immunization and vaccination from many epimonologist calcite above million (5,000,000) of world children died about the same number of children become reflect or disable after suffering from vaccine, preventable disease (i.e. tetanus, diphtheria, polio ileitis, tuberculosis, who aping cough measles, yellow fever, hepatitis (source with dates.)
In Nigeria it was reported about high coverage for oral polio vaccine where for non mandatory vaccination particularly part uses, measles, and other vaccine coverage was lower than level set as goal or tool for elimination of major children disease by world health organization (WHO) and national program me on immunization (NPC) for the year 2000 as a result of analysis made administrative support of a new strategy to solve the nation health policy to improve health service at the community level in child immunization whereby there is delivery of vaccine to children on schedule and factors that many effect immunization rate are identified and address on time in 1997, the federal ministry of health (F.M.H.) established a national program me on immunization (N.P.I.) effecting control of the deadly vaccine preventable disease thought immunization and target coverage of 70%
1.2 Background of the Study Area
Jakusko local government is one of the seventeen local governments of Yobe state. It is located at the northern part of the state. It shares boundaries with Bursari local government in the north and Nangere local government in the South and Gamawa local government of Bauchi state in the west the local government has about five hundred thousand (500,000)people provide by the 2006 national population census the predominant ethnic group in Jakusko local government area are Bade, Manga and others like Fulani Hausa who are normally everywhere in Nigeria their main occupation is forming rearing cattle, civil service, training, carpentry and made building the area has two different types of education which are the western education tradition and indigene nous education is the education the community handed down to its seceding generation which is guide different from the western types of education with a school system, Jakusko local government being formally of the Bade local government did not embrace western education since early age of the century this would be covered to Christianity.
Jakusko local government has many districts at the fine of the conducting this study namely Jakusko and other district with the headquarter at Jakusko about capital the situation however change with time when it now has primary and secondary school out of which one is for female and three for male respectively finally most of their occupation is farming, some few are civil servants and business oriented
1.3 Statement of the Problem
considering the obvious increase in the argument surrounding the vaccination and immunization of children most parent argue that there some possible effect or change accompanying the vaccine the factors prompted the research to study the acceptance of vaccine in Jakusko local government immunization is the best way to address certain factors disease that are harmful to human. It is administered on interblend routine basis to serve as booster from the first to subsequent ones the optimum level of the programme was recorded by early 1990 with the country achieving universal childhood immunization of 81.80% coverage data shows less than 30% coverage for the entire antigens, furthermore, by the 1999 (NDHs) was reduced to 16.3% for all the antigens unfortunately, the summing demonstration through such steps has not yet really engendered the expected result. Particularly national immunization co companying has remanded largely unsuccessful in spite of commendable objectives, there are a number of this phenomenon such factors in variable hinder the optimum realization of the objectives of the programme. Hence in a brief to identify the problems of factors that hamper the effective implementation of the national immunization drive it is quite necessary to access the factors affect the national immunization activities for instance the knowledge of the fact that low level of awareness by the populace especially at the grass roots level is a major undermining factors that world give much attention to ember ting on community enlightenment and to bring about greater involvement and participation.
1.4 Objectives of the Study
The following are objectives of the study
(1) To investigate the prevalence of disease of (0-5 years) in Jakusko local government area.
(2) To examine the attitude of parents to word immunization of children (O-5 years) in Jakusko local government area.
(3) To determine the level of knowledge of parent on immunization of their children (0-5 years) in Jakusko local government area.
1.5 Research Question
The following are the research questions:
1. What are the common diseases effecting children (O- 5 years) of age in Jakusko local government area?
2. What are the attitudes of parent to ward immunization of children (0-5 years) in Jakusko local government area?
3. What are the level of knowledge of parent or immunization of their children (O-5 years) in Jakusko local government area?
1.6 Significance of the Study
This study is significant in the sense that will assist the policy makers and the public in understanding policies on immunization the study also will help the researcher who will made sender researchers in similar topics.
1.7 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research work is limited to a particular place. This research is however. Being confirmed to the limit of Jakusko local government area so that it will give the researcher enough room to collect the required data. In any researcher, there must be given area of which the researcher can undergo his researcher work within the contact of his research location.
1.8 Definition of Terms
IMMUNIZATION: is the act of creating immunity by artificial means though administration of antigen.
IMMUNITY: the resistance possessed by the body to infection, disease foreign, bodies
ANTIGEN: any substance, bacteria of otherwise suitable condition to stimulate the production of antibodies
ANTIBIOTICS: is a specific form of blood protein produce in lymphoid tissues and is able to contract the effect of bacteria antigen toxins
PATHOLOGY this is any disease producing agent or micro organs
EPIDEMIOLOGY: study of distribution of micro organism that cause disease WHO- world health organization.
EPI: National Programme on Immunization
NGO: Non Government Organization
VACCINATION: introduction of vaccine into body to produce immunization to specific diseases
RECIPIENTS: One who Receive the vaccine
OPT: Diphens Peruses and Tetanus
ACCEPTANCE: to receive favorable reception.